Tuning the reactivity of alkoxyl radicals from 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer to 1,2-silyl transfer

Controlling the reactivity of reactive intermediates is essential to achieve selective transformations. Due to the facile 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), alkoxyl radicals have been proven to be important synthetic intermediates for the delta -functionalization of alcohols. Herein, we disclose a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the alpha -position of alkoxyl radicals. The efficient radical 1,2-silyl transfer (SiT) allows us to make various alpha -functionalized products from alcohol substrates. Compared with the direct generation of alpha -carbon radicals from oxidation of alpha -C-H bond of alcohols, the 1,2-SiT strategy distinguishes itself by the generation of alkoxyl radicals, the tolerance of many functional groups, such as intramolecular hydroxyl groups and C-H bonds next to oxygen atoms, and the use of silyl alcohols as limiting reagents. The generation of alpha -carbon radicals from alkoxyl radicals is challenging because 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is usually less favoured than 1,5-HAT. Here, the authors report a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the alpha -position of alkoxyl radicals, enabling preparation of alpha -alkoxylimino alcohols and alpha -heteroaryl alcohols.

Automated summary

The study introduces a strategy to inhibit 1,5-HAT by introducing a silyl group into the alpha-position of alkoxyl radicals, enabling the preparation of various alpha-functionalized products from alcohol substrates. In contrast to direct generation of alpha-carbon radicals, this strategy distinguishes itself by generating alkoxyl radicals and using silyl alcohols as limiting reagents to achieve selective transformations.