Epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer therapy and resistance

The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor (ER alpha) and agents targeting this pathway represent the main treatment modality. Endocrine therapy has proven successful in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer since its early adoption in the 1940s as an ablative therapy. Unfortunately, therapeutic resistance arises, leading to disease recurrence and relapse. Recent studies increased our understanding in how changes to the chromatin landscape and deregulation of epigenetic factors orchestrate the resistant phenotype. Here, we will discuss how the epigenome is an integral determinant in hormone therapy response and why epigenetic factors are promising targets for overcoming clinical resistance. Endocrine therapy has been the mainstay for hormone responsive breast cancer treatment. Here, Garcia-Martinez and colleagues discuss epigenetic mechanisms regulating ER+breast cancer and endocrine therapy resistance, and highlight approaches to rewire the cancer epigenome to improve targeted therapies for this cancer.

Automated summary

The majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor and endocrine therapy has been the mainstay for hormone-responsive breast cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown the importance of the epigenome in determining hormone therapy response and how targeting epigenetic factors can help overcome clinical resistance. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms regulating ER+ breast cancer and endocrine therapy resistance is crucial for improving targeted therapies for this type of cancer.