Journal
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037952
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Immunological memory is a complex concept with multiple molecular mechanisms. New sequencing technologies have improved the understanding of gene regulation and lymphocyte specification, shedding light on the epigenomic and transcriptomic programs underlying memory. The involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is increasingly apparent, but their functions and knockout mouse studies are still limited.
Not simply an attribute of the adaptive immune system, immunological memory can be viewed on multiple levels. Accordingly, the molecular basis of memory comprises multiple mechanisms. The advent of new sequencing technologies has greatly enhanced the understanding of gene regulation and lymphocyte specification, and improved measurement of chromatin states affords new insights into the epigenomic and transcriptomic programs that underlie memory. Beyond canonical genes, the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is becoming increasingly apparent, and it appears that there are more than two to three times as many lncRNAs as protein-coding genes. lncRNAs can directly interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and a single lncRNA can contain multiple modular domains and thus interact with different classes of molecules. Yet, most lncRNAs have not been tested for function, and even fewer knockout mice have been generated. It is therefore timely to consider new potential mechanisms that may contribute to immune memory.
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