Expression and Prognosis of Sperm-Associated Antigen 1 in Human Breast Cancer

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 1 (SPAG1) has been identified as a marker of pancreatic cancer progression and promoter of cell motility; however, its role in breast cancer is not completely understood. Methods: SPAG1 expression in breast cancer tissues and normal tissues was obtained from online databases. Knockdown function assays were designed and conducted to verify the functional role of SPAG1 in breast cancer cell lines. Cell counting and MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell flow cytometry assay was used for cell cycle phase arrest, and fluorescence microscopy was used for colony formation assessment. Results: Both the mRNA and protein levels of SPAG1 were significantly higher in the breast cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. In addition, SPAG1 is significantly related to many clinicopathological features of breast cancer, such as age (>51 years), estrogen receptor (ER) (+), progesterone receptor (PR) (+), and nodal status (+), non-triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), not basal-like and not basal-like and not TNBC. Survival analysis indicates that breast cancer patients with low expression of SPAG1 had a significantly better prognosis with relapse-free survival (RFS). Functional experiment analysis revealed that knockdown of SPAG1 suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming ability. Conclusion: Our results suggested a possible role of SPAG1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.

Automated summary

SPAG1 expression is significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, and is associated with various clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients with low SPAG1 expression have a better prognosis with suppressed cell proliferation and colony-forming ability confirmed through functional experiments. These findings suggest a potential role of SPAG1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.