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The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus: an integrative node underlying homeostatic behavior

Journal

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
Volume 44, Issue 7, Pages 538-549

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.03.001

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Funding

  1. NIMH Intramural Research Program [1ZIAMH002950]

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The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) regulates arousal, emotional, and motivated behaviors based on internal state information and prior experiences. Its primary function is to detect homeostatic challenges and guide adaptive behavioral responses aimed at restoring homeostasis.
Early anatomical evidence suggested that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) regulates arousal, as well as emotional and motivated behaviors. We discuss recent studies using modern techniques which now confirm and expand the involvement of the rodent PVT in these functions. Despite the emerging notion that the PVT is implicated in various behavioral processes, a recurrent theme is that activity in this brain region depends on internal state information arriving from the hypothalamus and brainstem, and is influenced by prior experience. We propose that the primary function of the PVT is to detect homeostatic challenges by integrating information about prior experiences, competing needs, and internal state to guide adaptive behavioral responses aimed at restoring homeostasis.

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