Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 785, Issue -, Pages 187-206Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.045
Keywords
Neuroinflammation; Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Brain; Cytokines; Microglia; Docosahexaenoic acid
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada
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Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of a multitude of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Modulating inflammatory pathways offers a potential therapeutic target in these disorders. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties in the periphery, however, their effect on neuroinflammation is less studied. This review summarizes 61 animal studies that tested the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuroinflammatory outcomes in vivo in various models including stroke, spinal cord injury, aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, lipopolysaccharide and IL-113 injections, diabetes, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, depression, surgically induced cognitive decline, whole body irradiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity and lupus. The evidence presented in this review suggests anti-neuroinflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, it is not clear by which mechanism omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exert their effect. Future research should aim to isolate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuroinflammatory signaling in vivo and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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