Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 790, Issue -, Pages 12-20Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.059
Keywords
Kidney; Organoids; Stem cell; Models; In vitro; 3 Dimensional
Categories
Funding
- Dutch Kidney Foundation [DKF14OP04]
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Organoids are self-organizing, multicellular structures that contain multiple cell types, represent organ structure and function, and can be used to model organ development, maintenance and repair ex vivo. Organoids, derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or adult stem cells, are cultured in extracellular matrix (ECM). Organoid cultures have been developed for multiple organs and for the kidney, pluripotent stem cell (PSCs) derived organoid technology has rapidly developed in the last three years. Here, we review available PSC differentiation protocols, focusing on the pluripotent stem cells to initiate the organoid culture, as well as on growth factors and ECM used to regulate differentiation and expansion. In addition, we will discuss the read out strategies to evaluate organoid phenotype and function. Finally, we will indicate how the choice of both culture parameters and read out strategy should be tailored to specific applications of the organoid culture. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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