Effect of Microalloyed Elements M (M = Ce, Ti, V, and Nb) on Mechanical Properties and Electronic Structures of γ-Fe: Insights from a First-Principles Study

Herein, the first-principles calculation is used to study the solid solution behavior of microalloyed elements M (M = Ce, Ti, V, and Nb) in steel, and the effects of M on the mechanical properties and electronic structures of the doped systems are analyzed. The calculated results of the solvation energy and formation enthalpy show that Ce, Ti, V, and Nb can be solubilized in gamma-Fe. The elastic modulus calculated results show that M doped reduces the incompressibility and rigidity and of the doped system, but the toughness and machinability are improved. A combination of Bader charge and differential charge density analysis shows that the metallic bond strength of the Fe-M system is weaker than that of the pure Fe system, which is the main reason for the decrease in incompressibility and rigidity of the doped system; the higher electron cloud density of the doped system is the main reason for its toughness increase.

Automated summary

The study used first-principles calculations to investigate the solid solution behavior of microalloyed elements M in steel, analyzing their effects on the mechanical properties and electronic structures of the doped systems. Results indicate that Ce, Ti, V, and Nb can be solubilized in gamma-Fe, with M doping leading to reduced incompressibility and rigidity but improved toughness and machinability. The weaker metallic bond strength and higher electron cloud density in the doped system are identified as the main reasons for the observed changes in mechanical properties.