Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 784, Issue -, Pages 69-80Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.010
Keywords
beta-cells; Oxidative stress; Aromatic malononitriles; Heme oxygenase 1; iNOS; Nrf2
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Diabetes Association [DIA 2014050]
- family Ernfors Fund
- EXODIAB [466811500]
- Diabetes Wellness foundation [4749/2014SW]
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We presently report that treatment with tyrphostin AG-126 (2-(3-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzylidene)malononitrile) and ten other aromatic malononitrile compounds (AMN) improves the resistance of insulin producing beta TC6, RIN-5AH, and MIN6 cells to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. On the molecular level AMN compounds promote nuclear accumulation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and expression of the cytoprotective genes heme ogygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), inhibit cytokine-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction, suppress intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in beta TC6 and counteract to impairments of glucose stimulated insulin secretion induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in MIN6 cells. Nrf2 up-regulation and HO-1 induction by AG-126 are attenuated at the presence of siRNA against Nrf2 and brusatol, an inhibitor of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our present results indicate that in respect of inhibition of IL-1 beta-dependent iNOS induction, beta TC6 cells are more sensitive to EMK 1071 (2-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl) methylene)malononitrile) and EMK 31 (2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)malononitrile) as compared to other analyzed AMN compounds. We suggest that the ability of AMN compounds to inhibit iNOS induction and other cytokine-induced transcriptional events might be a tool to achieve improved beta-cell survival and functionality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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