Prometaphase

The establishment of a metaphase plate in which all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle microtubules and aligned at the cell equator is required for faithful chromosome segregation in metazoans. The achievement of this configuration relies on the precise coordination between several concurrent mechanisms that start upon nuclear envelope breakdown, mediate chromosome capture at their kinetochores during mitotic spindle assembly and culminate with the congression of all chromosomes to the spindle equator. This period is called 'prometaphase'. Because the nature of chromosome capture by mitotic spindle microtubules is error prone, the cell is provided of error correction mechanisms that sense and correct most erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments before committing to separate sister chromatids in anaphase. In this review, aimed for newcomers in the field, more than providing an exhaustive mechanistic coverage of each and every concurrent mechanism taking place during prometaphase, we provide an integrative overview of these processes that ultimately promote the subsequent faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.

Automated summary

Faithful chromosome segregation in metazoans requires the establishment of a metaphase plate where all chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle microtubules and aligned at the cell equator. This process relies on the precise coordination between multiple mechanisms that start upon nuclear envelope breakdown and culminate with chromosome congression to the spindle equator during prometaphase. Error correction mechanisms are in place to sense and correct erroneous kinetochore-microtubule attachments before anaphase.