Thalidomide analogues: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors and their evaluation as anti-inflammatory agents

A series of related thalidomide derivatives (2-9) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Such activity was assessed in vivo and ex vivo. Compounds 2, 8 and 9 showed the highest levels of inhibition of TNF-alpha production. On rat paw edema and hyperalgesia assays, compound 9, (1,4-phthalazinedione) demonstrated the highest in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, compound 9 can be considered as a promising compound to be subjected to further modification to obtain new agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.