Journal
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
Volume 197, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2021.113782
Keywords
Copper; Twinning; Annealing; Plastic deformation; Protrusion
Categories
Funding
- ASE group
- Kaohsiung
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST 1072221E006014MY3]
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The introduction of highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu effectively inhibits detrimental Cu protrusion in TSV technology, reducing protrusion height during thermal annealing and strengthening TSV by impeding dislocation glide. The electrodeposited nanotwinned Cu TSV shows great thermal stability and slight micro-hardness loss under thermal annealing.
Cu protrusion phenomenon, one of the biggest challenges of the Cu through-silicon-via (TSV) technology, results from the thermal stress accumulation and the following plastic deformation during thermal annealing. Herein, we proposed an effective approach to inhibiting the detrimental Cu protrusion by introducing a highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu to the TSV structure. The Cu nanotwin structure, in comparison with the normal Cu structure, gave rise to a 70.3% decrement of the protrusion height during thermal annealing at 250 degrees C. The protrusion inhibition was attributed to the effective interaction of high-fraction coherent nanotwin boundaries with dislocations. The presence of low-energy coherent twin boundaries impeded dislocation glide, giving rise to the TSV strengthening and the significant protrusion inhibition. The electrodeposited nanotwinned Cu TSV exhibited great thermal stability under thermal annealing at 250 degrees C for 2 h, as evidenced by the slight micro-hardness loss, 6.7%, based on the nanoindentation analysis. (c) 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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