Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 372, Issue 6543, Pages 703-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba4220
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [U19 AI100627, R01 AI125581]
- Lyda Hill Foundation
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ROS in activated T cells triggers an oxidative stress response leading to translation repression, which is countered by SLFN2 binding tRNAs. SLFN2 deficiency results in tRNA fragment accumulation, inhibiting translation and promoting stress-granule formation.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase in activated T cells because of metabolic activity induced to support T cell proliferation and differentiation. We show that these ROS trigger an oxidative stress response that leads to translation repression. This response is countered by Schlafen 2 (SLFN2), which directly binds transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to protect them from cleavage by the ribonuclease angiogenin. T cell-specific SLFN2 deficiency results in the accumulation of tRNA fragments, which inhibit translation and promote stress-granule formation. Interleukin-2 receptor beta (IL-2R beta) and IL-2R gamma fail to be translationally up-regulated after T cell receptor stimulation, rendering SLFN2-deficient T cells insensitive to interleukin-2's mitogenic effects. SLFN2 confers resistance against the ROS-mediated translation-inhibitory effects of oxidative stress normally induced by T cell activation, permitting the robust protein synthesis necessary for T cell expansion and immunity.
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