Journal
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
Volume 47, Issue 5, Pages 1310-1319Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab042
Keywords
schizophrenia; hypocretin; orexin, hypocretin receptor; cerebrospinal fluid; hypothalamus; superior frontal gyrus; plasma
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2016YFC1306700]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91332102, 81801340, 31271130]
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Research indicates decreased central hypocretin neurotransmission in schizophrenia patients, especially females. Plasma hypocretin-1 levels were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients, with female patients showing a more significant decrease. Hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir also decreased in schizophrenia patients, primarily in females, while male patients showed changes in Hcrt-R mRNA expression.
Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1 -immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyms (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hat-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma.
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