Journal
RETROVIROLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00552-6
Keywords
Cytokines; Chemokines; HIV pathogenesis; HIV acquisition; HIV discordant couples
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health [R01 AI 51231, F31 AI 145750]
- Virology Core at the Emory Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI050409]
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center base grant through the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs [OD P51OD11132]
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark
- Irish Aid
- Ministry of Finance of Japan
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Netherlands
- Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
- UK Department for International Development
- US Agency for International Development (USAID)
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The study showed that individuals who later became HIV-1 infected had significantly higher baseline levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to individuals who remained HIV-negative. Specific levels of certain biomarkers were identified as significant predictors of later HIV acquisition, indicating a potential link between inflammation and immune activation with increased risk of HIV infection.
Background To determine if individuals, from HIV-1 serodiscordant couple cohorts from Rwanda and Zambia, who become HIV-positive have a distinct inflammatory biomarker profile compared to individuals who remain HIV-negative, we compared levels of biomarkers in plasma of HIV-negative individuals who either seroconverted (pre-infection) and became HIV-positive or remained HIV-negative (uninfected). Results We observed that individuals in the combined cohort, as well as those in the individual country cohorts, who later became HIV-1 infected had significantly higher baseline levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines compared to individuals who remained HIV-negative. Genital inflammation/ulceration or schistosome infections were not associated with this elevated profile. Defined levels of ITAC and IL-7 were significant predictors of later HIV acquisition in ROC predictive analyses, whereas the classical Th1 and Th2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and interferon-gamma or IL-4, IL-5 and Il-13 were not. Conclusions Overall, the data show a significant association between increased plasma biomarkers linked to inflammation and immune activation and HIV acquisition and suggests that pre-existing conditions that increase systemic biomarkers represent a factor for increased risk of HIV infection.
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