Placental outcomes of phthalate exposure

Proper placental development and function relies on hormone receptors and signaling pathways that make the placenta susceptible to disruption by endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates. Here, we review relevant research on the associations between phthalate exposures and dysfunctions of the development and function of the placenta, including morphology, physiology, and genetic and epigenetic effects. This review covers in vitro studies, in vivo studies in mammals, and studies in humans. We also discuss important gaps in the literature. Overall, the evidence indicates that toxicity to the placental and maternal-fetal interface is associated with exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms through which phthalates act in the placenta as well as additional human studies that assess placental disruption through pregnancy with larger sample sizes.

Automated summary

This study reviews the associations between phthalate exposures and dysfunctions of placental development and function, highlighting important gaps in the literature. Overall, the evidence suggests that toxicity to the placenta and maternal-fetal interface is linked to exposure to phthalates. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of phthalates in the placenta and to conduct additional human studies with larger sample sizes to assess placental disruption during pregnancy.