Vegetation, disturbance, and climate history since the onset of ice-free conditions in the Lago Rosselot sector of Chiloe continental (44°S), northwestern Patagonia

We present results from Lago Negro, a small closed-basin lake adjacent to Lago Rosselot, to examine the vegetation and environmental history of an insufficiently studied sector of Chiloe Continental (41 degrees 30'-44 degrees S) in northwestern Patagonia. Lake sediment cores from Lago Negro reveal 27 tephra deposited since similar to 12.7 ka, including two prominent rhyodacite tephra marker beds erupted from Volcan Melimoyu, and a stratified basal clastic unit we attribute to meltwater discharge from an ice tongue that originated from Monte Queulat and covered Lago Rosselot during its expanded position, presumably Antarctic Cold Reversal in age. The pollen record shows closed-canopy North Patagonian rainforests since similar to 12.7 ka, with variations in species composition and structure that suggest dynamic responses of the vegetation to past environmental changes. Vegetation responses to climate in the Lago Negro record were modulated, sometimes interrupted, by high magnitude and frequent disturbance regimes, most notably during maxima in explosive volcanic activity (similar to 9.5-7.2 ka and similar to 3.6-1.6 ka) and heightened fire activity. Since Lago Negro is the southernmost palynological site so far investigated in the region and is located within a volcanically active sector, it provides a valuable perspective for assessing past vegetation responses along environmental gradients since the last glaciation. When compared with other sites throughout northwestern Patagonia, our record reveals a distinct north-to-south gradient in temperature and precipitation, with peak temperature and rainfall seasonality in the north, and a west-to-east gradient in disturbance regimes, with maximum frequency and magnitude of explosive volcanic events in the east. These gradients have modulated the response of rainforest vegetation to climate forcing at regional scale since similar to 12.7 ka. We identify negligible differences in timing for the majority of key vegetation signals during the initial phase of the Lago Negro record, and propose that plant colonization and expansion along the similar to 360 km long corridor through the Pacific slope of the northwestern Patagonian Andes was a rapid process during the Last Glacial Termination. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Results from Lago Negro in northwestern Patagonia provide valuable insights into the vegetation dynamics and responses to climate change since approximately 12.7 ka. The study reveals distinct north-to-south gradients in temperature and precipitation, as well as east-to-west gradients in disturbance regimes in the region. These findings shed light on the complex interactions between rainforest vegetation and environmental gradients in the area since the late Pleistocene.