Journal
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 127, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105191
Keywords
Autocrine regulation; Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); IGF binding protein (IGFBP)s; Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP); Human brains
Categories
Funding
- Tertiary Education Commission, New Zealand (Brain Research New Zealand, A Centre of Research Excellence) [3715267]
- Auckland Medical Research Foundation, New Zealand [3713887]
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The study evaluated the changes of IGFBPs and cGP, and their effects on the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in human brain of AD cases. The unbound bioavailable IGF-1 was lower whereas the bound cGP and IGFBP-3 were higher in AD than the control cases. Results provide direct evidence for IGF-1 deficiency in AD brain due to lower bioavailable IGF-1, and the increase of bound cGP is an autocrine response to improve the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in AD brain.
Background: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) regulate circulating IGF-1 function that is associated with cognition. The association between IGF-1 function and Alzheimer?s disease (AD) remains inconclusive. This study evaluated the changes of IGFBPs and cGP, and their effects on the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in human brain of AD cases. Methods: Using biological and mathematic analysis we measured the concentrations of total, bound and unbound forms of IGF-1, IGFBPs and cGP in the inferior-frontal gyrus and middle-frontal gyrus of human AD (n = 15) and control cases (n = 15). The association between the changes of total concentration of these peptides and total protein concentration in brain tissues were also analyzed. Results: The unbound bioavailable IGF-1 was lower whereas the bound cGP and IGFBP-3 were higher in AD than the control cases. Total protein that was lower in AD than control cases, was negatively associated with cGP concentration of control cases and with IGFBP-3 concentration of AD cases. Conclusions: The results provide direct evidence for IGF-1 deficiency in AD brain due to lower bioavailable IGF-1. The increase of bound IGFBP-3 impaired autocrine regulation. The increase of bound cGP is an autocrine response to improve the bioavailability and function of IGF-1 in AD brain. Availability of data and material: All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Additional datasets analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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