Journal
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
Volume 46, Issue 6, Pages 895-898Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000323
Keywords
oxidizer; rocket propellant; HEDO; scale up; green chemistry
Categories
Funding
- Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU)
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [ONR.N00014-16-1-2062]
- Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [WP19-1287]
- EURENCO
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Previous studies have shown the high potential of TNEF for application, but production has never exceeded a few grams. This work describes a scaled and optimized synthetic procedure for producing TNEF in a 100 g pre-technical scale, with a focus on cost and greener purification. Acceptable yields were achieved in the 100 g scale, indicating potential for broader application in a technical scale.
Previous reports showed, that tris(2,2,2-trinitroethoxy)methane, also known as tris(2,2,2-trinitroethyl) orthoformate or trinitroethyl formate (TNEF), exhibits a very high potential for application due to its excellent energetic properties and compatibility with state of the art binder systems for composite propellants. However, TNEF was never produced on a scale exceeding a few grams. In this work, a scaled and optimized synthetic procedure for the manufacturing of elemental analysis pure TNEF in a 100 g pre-technical scale is described. Applied optimizations focus on cost of the synthesis and improvements regarding a greener purification process. Acceptable yields were achieved in the 100 g scale and the described synthetic procedure could be easily applied in the technical scale in the next step. This could stimulate a broader application of TNEF as an environmentally benign high energy density oxidizer for composite propellants.
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