Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016469118
Keywords
antimicrobial resistance; glycolipid; eradication; Helicobacter pylori
Categories
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences [16K08708, 18K08419, and19H03441]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K08708, 18K08419] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The study demonstrates the antibacterial activity of the cholesterol analog cholestenone against Helicobacter pylori, inhibiting its growth and potentially serving as an oral medicine for eradicating the bacteria in mice.
Helicobacter pylori, a pathogen responsible for gastric cancer, contains a unique glycolipid, cholesteryl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (CGL), in its cell wall. Moreover, O-glycans having alpha 1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (alpha GlcNAc) are secreted from gland mucous cells of gastric mucosa. Previously, we demonstrated that CGL is critical for H. pylori survival and that alpha GlcNAc serves as antibiotic against H. pylori by inhibiting CGL biosynthesis. In this study, we tested whether a cholesterol analog, cholest-4-en 3-one (cholestenone), exhibits antibacterial activity against H. pylori in vitro and in vivo. When the H. pylori standard strain ATCC 43504 was cultured in the presence of cholestenone, microbial growth was significantly suppressed dose-dependently relative to microbes cultured with cholesterol, and cholestenone inhibitory effects were not altered by the presence of cholesterol. Morphologically, cholestenone-treated H. pylori exhibited coccoid forms. We obtained comparable results when we examined the clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori strain 2460. We also show that biosynthesis of CGL and its derivatives cholesteryl-6-Otetradecanoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside in H. pylori is remarkably inhibited in cultures containing cholestenone. Lastly, we asked whether orally administered cholestenone eradicated H. pylori strain SS1 in C57BL/6 mice. Strikingly, mice fed a cholestenone-containing diet showed significant eradication of H. pylori from the gastric mucosa compared with mice fed a control diet. These results overall strongly suggest that cholestenone could serve as an oral medicine to treat patients infected with H. pylori, including antimicrobial-resistant strains.
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