Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 118, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015821118
Keywords
climate change; foliar senescence; high latitudes
Categories
Funding
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA19040103]
- National Key R&D program of China [2018YFA0606101]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41871255, 42001299, 41761134082]
- Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS [QYZDB-SSW-DQC011]
- CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team [JCTD-2020-05]
- National Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars [42025101]
- European Research Council [ERC-SyG-2013-610028 IMBALANCE]
- German Research Foundation [41761134082]
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Research shows that high northern latitudes are experiencing a surface stilling phenomenon with climate change, where the decline in winds is significantly associated with extended autumn leaf senescence, potentially playing a role comparable to temperature and precipitation effects in contributing to autumn phenology trends. Furthermore, the decrease in winds leads to reduced evapotranspiration, less soil water losses, and more favorable growth conditions in late autumn. Reduced winds also result in less leaf abscission damage, delaying leaf senescence, and less frost damage due to decreased cooling effects.
The high northern latitudes (>50 degrees) experienced a pronounced surface stilling (i.e., decline in winds) with climate change. As a drying factor, the influences of changes in winds on the date of autumn foliar senescence (DFS) remain largely unknown and are potentially important as a mechanism explaining the interannual variability of autumn phenology. Using 183,448 phenological observations at 2,405 sites, long-term site-scale water vapor and carbon dioxide flux measurements, and 34 y of satellite greenness data, here we show that the decline in winds is significantly associated with extended DFS and could have a relative importance comparable with temperature and precipitation effects in contributing to the DFS trends. We further demonstrate that decline in winds reduces evapotranspiration, which results in less soil water losses and consequently more favorable growth conditions in late autumn. In addition, declining winds also lead to less leaf abscission damage which could delay leaf senescence and to a decreased cooling effect and therefore less frost damage. Our results are potentially useful for carbon flux modeling because an improved algorithm based on these findings projected overall widespread earlier DFS than currently expected by the end of this century, contributing potentially to a positive feedback to climate.
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