Identifying the Huse-Fisher universality class of the three-state chiral Potts model

Using the corner-transfer matrix renormalization group approach, we revisit the three-state chiral Potts model on the square lattice, a model proposed in the eighties to describe commensurate-incommensurate transitions at surfaces, and with direct relevance to recent experiments on chains of Rydberg atoms. This model was suggested by Huse and Fisher to have a chiral transition in the vicinity of the Potts point, a possibility that turned out to be very difficult to definitely establish or refute numerically. Our results confirm that the transition changes character at a Lifshitz point that separates a line of Pokrosky-Talapov transitions far enough from the Potts point from a line of direct continuous order-disorder transition close to it. Thanks to the accuracy of the numerical results, we have been able to base the analysis entirely on effective exponents to deal with the crossovers that have hampered previous numerical investigations. The emerging picture is that of a new universality class with exponents that do not change between the Potts point and the Lifshitz point, and that appear to be consistent with those of a self-dual version of the model, namely correlation lengths exponents v(x) = 2/3 in the direction of the asymmetry and v(y) = 1 perpendicular to it, an incommensurability exponent beta = 2/3, a specific heat exponent that keeps the value alpha = 1 /3 of the three-state Potts model, and a dynamical exponent z = 3/2. These results are in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained on reconstructed surfaces in the nineties, and shed light on recent Kibble-Zurek experiments on the period-3 phase of chains of Rydberg atoms. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

The study reveals the existence of a Lifshitz point in the three-state chiral Potts model, separating a line of Pokrosky-Talapov transitions from a line of direct continuous order-disorder transitions close to the Potts point. The emerging picture shows invariant exponents between the Potts point and the Lifshitz point, consistent with a self-dual version of the model.