Journal
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
Volume 230, Issue 6, Pages 2275-2291Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17349
Keywords
Arabidopsis; auxin; cis‐ cinnamic acid; phenylpropanoids; piperonylic acid; lignin; metabolomics; roots
Categories
Funding
- Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO) [G008116N, 1S04020N, 11D8220N]
- BBSRC [BB/L009366/1]
- IEH at the Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge - EMBO [STF-8658]
- BBSRC [BB/L009366/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Blocking the functionality of C4H in the phenylpropanoid pathway affects the growth and development of Arabidopsis seedlings, resulting in reduced lateral rooting and increased adventitious rooting apically. These effects are related to inhibition in AUX transport. The proper deposition of lignin is crucial for establishing AUX distribution in seedlings.
The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved in diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the pathway is incorporated into lignin. Although several phenylpropanoid pathway mutants show seedling growth arrest, the role for lignin in seedling growth and development is unexplored. We use complementary pharmacological and genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality in Arabidopsis seedlings and a set of molecular and biochemical techniques to investigate the underlying phenotypes. Blocking C4H resulted in reduced lateral rooting and increased adventitious rooting apically in the hypocotyl. These phenotypes coincided with an inhibition in AUX transport. The upstream accumulation in cis-cinnamic acid was found to be likely to cause polar AUX transport inhibition. Conversely, a downstream depletion in lignin perturbed phloem-mediated AUX transport. Restoring lignin deposition effectively reestablished phloem transport and, accordingly, AUX homeostasis. Our results show that the accumulation of bioactive intermediates and depletion in lignin jointly cause the aberrant phenotypes upon blocking C4H, and demonstrate that proper deposition of lignin is essential for the establishment of AUX distribution in seedlings. Our data position the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin in a new physiological framework, consolidating their importance in plant growth and development.
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