Journal
NEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY AND MOTILITY
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14115
Keywords
Chicago Classification; dysphagia; hypercontractile esophagus; jackhammer esophagus; non‐ cardiac chest pain
Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [K23 DK125266] Funding Source: Medline
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This article discusses the definition, diagnostic criteria, and subtypes of hypercontractile esophagus (HE), emphasizing the diagnosis of clinically relevant HE and noting the lack of compelling data to formally subdivide HE into different subgroups at present.
Hypercontractile esophagus (HE), defined by the Chicago Classification version 3.0 (CCv3.0) as 20% or more hypercontractile peristalsis (Distal Contractile Integral >8000 mmHg center dot s center dot cm) on high-resolution manometry (HRM), is a heterogeneous disorder with variable clinical presentations and natural course, leading to management challenges. An update on the diagnostic criteria for clinically relevant HE was needed. Literature on HE was extensively reviewed by the HE subgroup of the Chicago Classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0) Working Group and statements relating to the diagnosis of HE were ranked according to the RAND UCLA Appropriateness methodology by the Working Group, and the quality of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. An overall emphasis of the CCv4.0 is on clinically relevant esophageal dysmotility, and thus it is recommended that an HE diagnosis requires both conclusive manometric diagnosis and clinically relevant symptoms of dysphagia and non-cardiac chest pain. The Working Group also recognized the subtypes of HE, including single-peaked, multi-peaked contractions (Jackhammer esophagus), and hypercontractile lower esophageal sphincter. However, there are no compelling data currently for formally subdividing HE to these subgroups in clinical practice.
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