Journal
NATURE PHOTONICS
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 499-503Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41566-021-00797-9
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021_165550/1]
- SNSF research instrument NCCR Molecular Ultrafast Science and Technology (NCCR MUST) [51NF40-183615, 200021_169017]
- ERC Grant 'DYNAMOX' [ERC-2015-AdG-694097]
- EU-H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [701647, 654360, 801459, 871124]
- US Department of Energy [DE-SC0019126]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200021_165550, 51NF40-183615, 200021_169017] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0019126] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [701647, 801459] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Optical-domain transient grating spectroscopy is a versatile background-free four-wave-mixing technique used to probe the vibrational, magnetic, and electronic degrees of freedom in materials. The recent development of coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources has extended this technique to the X-ray regime, offering advantages such as large penetration depth, element specificity, and short wavelengths for excitation grating with unprecedented resolution.
Optical-domain transient grating (TG) spectroscopy is a versatile background-free four-wave-mixing technique that is used to probe vibrational, magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom in the time domain(1). The newly developed coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources allow its extension to the X-ray regime. X-rays offer multiple advantages for TG: their large penetration depth allows probing the bulk properties of materials, their element specificity can address core excited states, and their short wavelengths create excitation gratings with unprecedented momentum transfer and spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate TG excitation in the hard X-ray range at 7.1 keV. In bismuth germanate (BGO), the non-resonant TG excitation generates coherent optical phonons detected as a function of time by diffraction of an optical probe pulse. This experiment demonstrates the ability to probe bulk properties of materials and paves the way for ultrafast coherent four-wave-mixing techniques using X-ray probes and involving nanoscale TG spatial periods.
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