Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 506, Issue 2, Pages 1595-1608Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1375
Keywords
gravitational lensing: strong; galaxies: clusters: general; dark matter
Categories
Funding
- NASA [NAS5-26555]
- Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-13305]
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- NASA's Applied Information Systems Research Program, Chandra X-ray Science Center (CXC)
- High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Center (HEASARC)
- James Webb Space Telescope Mission office at Space Telescope Science Institute
- Institute for Astronomy
- University of Hawaii
- Pan-STARRS Project Office
- Max-Planck Society
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
- Johns Hopkins University
- Durham University
- University of Edinburgh
- Queen's University Belfast
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated
- National Central University of Taiwan
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AR22G]
- National Science Foundation [AST1238877]
- University of Maryland
- Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [WA3547/1-3]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NX15AE61G]
- University of Hawaii, Hilo
- Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan
- [GO13305]
- [GO-13671]
- [GO-14098]
- [GN-2017A-Q-48]
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We reported the discovery of a 'folded' gravitationally lensed image, 'Hamilton's Object', found near an active galactic nucleus, which showed unique surface brightness features and stretched properties. The lensed images are sourced by a galaxy at a spectroscopic redshift and form a fold configuration on a caustic caused by a foreground galaxy cluster. The analysis suggests a mass density that hardly varies on an arcsecond scale over the areas covered by the multiple images.
We report the discovery of a 'folded' gravitationally lensed image, 'Hamilton's Object', found in a HST image of the field near the active galactic nucleus SDSS J223010.47-081017.8 (which has redshift 0.62). The lensed images are sourced by a galaxy at a spectroscopic redshift of 0.8200 +/- 0.0005 and form a fold configuration on a caustic caused by a foreground galaxy cluster at a photometric redshift of 0.526 +/- 0.018 seen in the corresponding Pan-STARRS PS1 image and marginally detected as a faint ROSAT All-Sky Survey X-ray source. The lensed images exhibit properties similar to those of other 'folds' where the source galaxy falls very close to or straddles the caustic of a galaxy cluster. The folded images are stretched in a direction roughly orthogonal to the critical curve, but the configuration is that of a tangential cusp. Guided by morphological features, published simulations and similar 'fold' observations in the literature, we identify a third or 'counter'-image, confirmed by spectroscopy. Because the fold-configuration shows highly distinctive surface brightness features, follow-up observations of microlensing or detailed investigations of the individual surface brightness features at higher resolution can further shed light on kpc-scale dark matter properties. We determine the local lens properties at the positions of the multiple images according to the observation-based lens reconstruction of Wagner. The analysis is in accordance with a mass density which hardly varies on an arcsecond scale (6 kpc) over the areas covered by the multiple images.
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