Astaxanthin for the Food Industry

Xanthophyll astaxanthin, which is commonly used in aquaculture, is one of the most expensive and important industrial pigments. It is responsible for the pink and red color of salmonid meat and shrimp. Due to having the strongest anti-oxidative properties among carotenoids and other health benefits, natural astaxanthin is used in nutraceuticals and cosmetics, and in some countries, occasionally, to fortify foods and beverages. Its use in food technology is limited due to the unknown effects of long-term consumption of synthetic astaxanthin on human health as well as few sources and the high cost of natural astaxanthin. The article characterizes the structure, health-promoting properties, commercial sources and industrial use of astaxanthin. It presents the possibilities and limitations of the use of astaxanthin in food technology, considering its costs and food safety. It also presents the possibilities of stabilizing astaxanthin and improving its bioavailability by means of micro- and nanoencapsulation.

Automated summary

Xanthophyll astaxanthin is an expensive and important industrial pigment commonly used in aquaculture, responsible for the pink and red color of salmonid meat and shrimp. It has strong antioxidative properties and health benefits, thus being utilized in nutraceuticals and cosmetics. However, its application in food technology is limited due to concerns about the effects of synthetic astaxanthin on human health and the high cost of natural astaxanthin.