Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Fibers from Lyocell Precursors Grafted with Polyacrylamide via Electron-Beam Irradiation

Carbon fibers, which act as reinforcements in many applications, are often obtained from polyacrylonitrile (PAN). However, their production is expensive and results in waste problems. Therefore, we focused on producing carbon fibers from lyocell, a cellulose-based material, and analyzed the effects of the process parameters on their mechanical properties and carbon yields. Lyocell was initially grafted with polyacrylamide (PAM) via electron-beam irradiation (EBI) and was subsequently stabilized and carbonized. Thermal analysis showed that PAM grafting increased the carbon yields to 20% at 1000 degrees C when compared to that of raw lyocell, which degraded completely at about 600 degrees C. Stabilization further increased this yield to 55%. The morphology of the produced carbon fibers was highly dependent on PAM concentration, with fibers obtained at concentrations <= 0.5 wt.% exhibiting clear, rigid, and round cross-sections with smooth surfaces, whereas fibers obtained from 2 and 4 wt.% showed peeling surfaces and attachment between individual fibers due to high viscosity of PAM. These features affected the mechanical properties of the fibers. In this study, carbon fibers of the highest tensile strength (1.39 GPa) were produced with 0.5 wt.% PAM, thereby establishing the feasibility of using EBI-induced PAM grafting on lyocell fabrics to produce high-performance carbon fibers with good yields.

Automated summary

Carbon fibers were produced from lyocell by grafting polyacrylamide (PAM) through electron-beam irradiation (EBI), resulting in increased carbon yields of up to 55%. The morphology and mechanical properties of the fibers were highly influenced by the concentration of PAM, with fibers produced at lower concentrations exhibiting better characteristics. This study established the feasibility of using EBI-induced PAM grafting on lyocell fabrics for high-performance carbon fiber production.