Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 45, Issue 1, Pages 167-174Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13376
Keywords
ADHD; cocaine abuse and addiction; dopamine microdialysis; methylphenidate; modafinil; nucleus accumbens shell
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Funding
- Medication Development Program, NIDA-IRP, NIH/DHHS
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Blockade of dopamine (DA) reuptake via the dopamine transporter (DAT) is a primary mechanism identified as underlying the therapeutic actions of (+/-)-modafinil (modafinil) and its R-enantiomer, armodafinil. Herein, we explored the neurochemical and behavioral actions of modafinil to better characterize its psychostimulant profile. Swiss-Webster mice were implanted with microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) or core (NAC) to evaluate changes in DA levels related to acute reinforcing actions of drugs of abuse. Additionally, subjective effects were studied in mice trained to discriminate 10mg/kg cocaine (i.p.) from saline. Modafinil (17-300mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased NAS and NAC DA levels that at the highest doses reached similar to 300% at 1h, and lasted >6h in duration. These elevated DA levels did not show statistically significant regional differences between the NAS and NAC. Modafinil produced cocaine-like subjective effects at 56-100mg/kg when administered at 5 and 60min before the start of the session, and enhanced cocaine effects when the two were administered in combination. Despite sharing subjective effects with cocaine, modafinil's psychostimulant profile was unique compared to that of cocaine and like compounds. Modafinil had lower potency and efficacy than cocaine in stimulating NAS DA. In addition, the cocaine-like subjective effects of modafinil were obtained at lower doses and earlier onset times than expected based on its dopaminergic effects. These studies suggest that although inhibition of DA reuptake may be a primary mechanism underlying modafinil's therapeutic actions, non DA-dependent actions may be playing a role in its psychostimulant profile.
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