Recent advances in bioprinting technologies for engineering different cartilage-based tissues

Inadequate self-repair and regenerative efficiency of the cartilage tissues has motivated the researchers to devise advanced and effective strategies to resolve this issue. Introduction of bioprinting to tissue engineering has paved the way for fabricating complex biomimetic engineered constructs. In this context, the current review gears off with the discussion of standard and advanced 3D/4D printing technologies and their implications for the repair of different cartilage tissues, namely, articular, meniscal, nasoseptal, auricular, costal, and tracheal cartilage. The review is then directed towards highlighting the current stem cell opportunities. On a concluding note, associated critical issues and prospects for future developments, particularly in this sphere of personalized medicines have been discussed.

Automated summary

The inadequate self-repair and regenerative efficiency of cartilage tissues have led researchers to devise advanced strategies, including the introduction of bioprinting, for resolving this issue. This review discusses the implications of standard and advanced 3D/4D printing technologies for repairing various cartilage tissues, highlights stem cell opportunities, and explores critical issues and prospects for future developments in personalized medicine.