Journal
MACROMOLECULES
Volume 54, Issue 8, Pages 3886-3896Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00317
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Funding
- STW/NWO [VIDI 13476]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M672771]
- Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [2020A1515110636]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51962036]
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The type and position of pendant groups have a significant impact on the n-doping efficiency of low-band gap D-A copolymers. The addition of polar groups not only increases the electron affinity of the copolymers, but also improves the host/dopant miscibility, resulting in a 40-fold increase in doping efficiency. The incorporation of polar groups also enhances the bulk mobility of doped films, leading to improved electrical properties.
We demonstrate the impact of the type and position of pendant groups on the n-doping of low-band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers. Polar glycol ether groups simultaneously increase the electron affinities of D-A copolymers and improve the host/dopant miscibility compared to nonpolar alkyl groups, improving the doping efficiency by a factor of over 40. The bulk mobility of the doped films increases with the fraction of polar groups, leading to a best conductivity of 0.08 S cm(-1) and power factor (PF) of 0.24 mu W m(-1) K-2 in the doped copolymer with the polar pendant groups on both the D and A moieties. We used spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy to relate commensurate morphological changes to the dispersion of dopants and to the relative local doping efficiency, demonstrating a direct relationship between the morphology of the polymer phase, the solvation of the molecular dopant, and the electrical properties of doped films. Our work offers fundamental new insights into the influence of the physical properties of pendant chains on the molecular doping process, which should be generalizable to any molecularly doped polymer films.
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