The escalating tuberculosis crisis in central and South American prisons

In the past decade, tuberculosis incidence has declined in much of the world, but has risen in central and South America. It is not yet clear what is driving this reversal of progress in tuberculosis control. Since 2000, the incarcerated population in central and South America has grown by 206%, the greatest increase in the world. Over the same period, notified tuberculosis cases among the incarcerated population (hereinafter termed persons deprived of their liberty [PDL], following the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights) have risen by 269%. In both central and South America, the rise of disease among PDL more than offsets tuberculosis control gains in the general population. Tuberculosis is increasingly concentrated among PDL; currently, 11% of all notified tuberculosis cases in central and South America occur among PDL who comprise less than 1% of the population. The extraordinarily high risk of acquiring tuberculosis within prisons creates a health and human rights crisis for PDL that also undermines wider tuberculosis control efforts. Controlling tuberculosis in this region will require countries to take urgent measures to prioritise the health of PDL.

Automated summary

In much of the world, tuberculosis incidence has declined over the past decade, but it has risen in central and South America due to the growing incarcerated population. The increase in tuberculosis cases among persons deprived of their liberty far outweighs the control gains in the general population, creating a health and human rights crisis that undermines wider tuberculosis control efforts. Urgent measures are needed to prioritize the health of this vulnerable population in order to control tuberculosis in the region.