Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Infrastructure needs for pandemic preparedness

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Baricitinib treatment resolves lower-airway macrophage inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques

Timothy N. Hoang et al.

Summary: The study found that in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, baricitinib did not reduce viral shedding, but did decrease inflammation and suppress the production of cytokines and chemokines, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment for COVID-19 inflammation.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study (Publication with Expression of Concern. See vol. 401, pg. 90, 2023)

Chaolin Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 induces robust germinal center CD4 T follicular helper cell responses in rhesus macaques

Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa et al.

Summary: Induction of CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is crucial for antibody responses to viral infections, as shown in a rhesus macaque model of mild COVID-19 where SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in transient accumulation of proliferating Tfh cells with a Th1 profile in peripheral blood and the generation of germinal center Tfh cells specific for viral proteins.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets

Dhiraj Kumar Singh et al.

Summary: Non-human primate models, particularly macaques and baboons, demonstrate acute respiratory distress and immune responses similar to COVID-19 progression in humans, making them valuable for testing vaccines and therapies. Age appears to affect viral shedding, lung inflammation, and immune response in these animal models.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity

David A. Edwards et al.

Summary: This study observed and experimented on 194 healthy human subjects and 8 nonhuman primates, finding that COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years lead to an increase in exhaled respiratory droplets. Furthermore, 18% of human subjects accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol generated, resembling a 20:80 superspreader distribution of infection.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Editorial Material Veterinary Sciences

Nonhuman primate models for SARS-CoV-2 research: Consider alternatives to macaques

Michael C. Chang et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused a surge in demand for rhesus macaques, potentially leading to shortage in supply for COVID-19 research. Baboons, another well-characterized research primate model, should be considered as a promising alternative for studying COVID-19 disease.

LAB ANIMAL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences