4.2 Article

A facile and efficient synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans derivatives using phosphate fertilizers MAP, DAP, and TSP as heterogeneous catalysts

Journal

JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 18, Issue 10, Pages 2665-2678

Publisher

SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02223-x

Keywords

Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans; Dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans; Heterogeneous catalyst; MAP; DAP; TSP

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A method for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans derivatives using three phosphate fertilizers as catalysts has been successfully demonstrated with high catalytic activity. These fertilizers can be reused multiple times, contributing to the development of green chemistry.
A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans derivatives was described. These reactions were realized through a three-component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile, and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione or 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyran-2-one using phosphate fertilizers monoammonium phosphate, NH4(H2PO4)(2), (MAP), diammonium phosphate, (NH4)(2)(HPO4), (DAP), and triple superphosphate, Ca(H2PO4)(2).H2O, (TSP) as heterogeneous catalysts. Under optimal reaction conditions, these fertilizers show an excellent catalytic activity. Indeed, the tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and dihydropyrano[4,3-b]pyrans derivatives were obtained with good yields in short reaction times. Also, these fertilizers can be reused at least four times without significant loss of their catalytic activity. Therefore, their application can be contributing to the development of green chemistry.

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