Lithium solid-state batteries: State-of-the-art and challenges for materials, interfaces and processing

Lithium solid-state batteries (SSBs) are considered as a promising solution to the safety issues and energy density limitations of state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries. Recently, the possibility of developing practical SSBs has emerged thanks to striking advances at the level of materials; such as the discovery of new highly-conductive solid-state electrolytes. Consequently, the focus in research has progressively shifted towards the integration of the various components, the battery's functionality at full cell level, and the scalability of the fabrication processes. Considering these points, the development of SSBs still faces formidable challenges. This review covers the recent advances in SSB development, stressing the importance of full cell integration. The most relevant materials and fabrication processes are briefly summarized and their potential applications in SSBs are examined. The main challenges and strategies for full cell integration are then discussed highlighting the most promising materials and the best suited processing techniques. Particular attention is paid on the mutual compatibility of the cell components, the properties of the interfaces within the cell (anode-electrolyte, cathode-electrolyte, intraelectrolyte) and the strategies applied to stabilize and minimize the resistance of these interfaces via compatible processing.

Automated summary

Lithium solid-state batteries (SSBs) are seen as a potential solution to safety concerns and energy density limitations in lithium-ion batteries, with recent advances in materials like highly-conductive solid-state electrolytes. Research focus has shifted to integrating components, full cell functionality, and scalability of fabrication processes, but formidable challenges remain. Key points include the importance of full cell integration, material selection, and compatible processing techniques to stabilize and minimize resistance in cell interfaces.