Modular Network between Postrhinal Visual Cortex, Amygdala, and Entorhinal Cortex

The postrhinal area (POR) is a known center for integrating spatial with nonspatial visual information and a possible hub for influencing landmark navigation by affective input from the amygdala. This may involve specific circuits within musca-rinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2)-positive (M2(+)) or M2(-) modules of POR that associate inputs from the thalamus, cortex, and amygdala, and send outputs to the entorhinal cortex. Using anterograde and retrograde labeling with conventional and viral tracers in male and female mice, we found that all higher visual areas of the ventral cortical stream project to the amyg-dala, while such inputs are absent from primary visual cortex and dorsal stream areas. Unexpectedly for the presumed salt-and-pepper organization of mouse extrastriate cortex, tracing results show that inputs from the dorsal lateral geniculate nu-cleus and lateral posterior nucleus were spatially clustered in layer 1 (L1) and overlapped with M2(+) patches of POR. In con -trast, input from the amygdala to L1 of POR terminated in M2(-) interpatches. Importantly, the amygdalocortical input to M2(-) interpatches in L1 overlapped preferentially with spatially clustered apical dendrites of POR neurons projecting to amyg-dala and entorhinal area lateral, medial (ENTm). The results suggest that subnetworks in POR, used to build spatial maps for navigation, do not receive direct thalamocortical M2(+) patch-targeting inputs. Instead, they involve local networks of M2(-) interpatches, which are influenced by affective information from the amygdala and project to ENTm, whose cells respond to visual landmark cues for navigation.

Automated summary

The study showed that the postrhinal area in mice integrates visual information from various cortical areas and influences landmark navigation through connections with the amygdala, especially involving emotional input. Different modules within the postrhinal area respond to inputs differently, ultimately contributing to the construction of spatial maps for navigation.