Possible effects of air temperature on COVID-19 disease severity and transmission rates

Currently available data are consistent with increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication at temperatures encountered in the upper airways (25-33 degrees C when breathing room temperature air, 25 degrees C) compared to those in the lower airways (37 degrees C). One factor that may contribute to more rapid viral growth in the upper airways is the exponential increase in SARS-CoV-2 stability that occurs with reductions in temperature, as measured in vitro. Because SARS-CoV-2 frequently initiates infection in the upper airways before spreading through the body, increased upper airway viral growth early in the disease course may result in more rapid progression of disease and potentially contribute to more severe outcomes. Similarly, higher SARS-CoV-2 viral titer in the upper airways likely supports more efficient transmission. Conversely, the possible significance of air temperature to upper airway viral growth suggests that prolonged delivery of heated air might represent a preventative measure and prophylactic treatment for coronavirus disease 2019.

Automated summary

Data suggests that SARS-CoV-2 replication is increased in the upper airways at lower temperatures, contributing to more rapid viral growth and transmission. Therefore, raising the temperature in the upper airways could potentially slow down disease progression and transmission.