Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
Volume 93, Issue 7, Pages 4392-4398Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26975
Keywords
ARDS; coinfection; COVID-19; EV-68; HAdV-C; influenza; rhinovirus
Categories
Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [302668/2018-7]
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos [01.20.0029.00]
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The study conducted in Brazil from March to December 2020 found that among hospitalized patients suspected of COVID-19, the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 42.3%, FLUAV was 1.62%, no cases of FLUBV or EV-68, HAdV-C was 6.78%, RV 1/2 was 26.3%, RV 2/2 was 13.6%, and coinfections were also detected.
With the arrival of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil in February 2020, several preventive measures were taken by the population aiming to avoid severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection including the use of masks, social distancing, and frequent hand washing then, these measures may have contributed to preventing infection also by other respiratory viruses. Our goal was to determine the frequencies of Influenza A and B viruses (FLUAV/FLUBV), human mastadenovirus C (HAdV-C), Enterovirus 68 (EV-68), and rhinovirus (RV) besides SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized patients suspect of COVID-19 with cases of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) in the period of March to December 2020 and to detect possible coinfections among them. Nucleic acid detection was performed using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in respiratory samples using naso-oropharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage. A total of 418 samples of the 987 analyzed (42.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, 16 (1.62%) samples were positive for FLUAV, no sample was positive for FLUBV or EV-68, 67 (6.78%) samples were positive for HAdV-C, 55 samples were positive for RV 1/2 (26.3%) and 37 for RV 2/2 (13.6%). Coinfections were also detected, including a triple coinfection with SARS-CoV-2, FLUAV, and HAdV-C. In the present work, a very low frequency of FLUV was reported among hospitalized patients with ARDS compared to the past years, probably due to preventive measures taken to avoid COVID-19 and the high influenza vaccination coverage in the region in which this study was performed.
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