Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
Volume 32, Issue 12, Pages 16153-16165Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10854-021-06163-3
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council (VR) [2018-05393]
- European Union [824109]
- BMBF via the Project SpinFun [13XP5088]
- Vinnova [2018-05393] Funding Source: Vinnova
- Swedish Research Council [2018-05393] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Zn1-xRxO materials were synthesized using co-precipitation synthesis technique, with various R ions impacting the crystal structure and magnetism. Introduction of Cr, Mn, Fe, and Mg into ZnO induced magnetic moments without significant distortion in the crystal structure morphology, with Mn showing more even distribution compared to Cr and Fe.
Zn1-xRxO (R = Li, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe and Cd) were obtained by using co-precipitation synthesis technique with constant weight percent of 3% from R ions. The phase composition, crystal structure, morphology, density functional theory (DFT), and magnetic properties were examined to comprehend the influence of Zn2+ partial substitution with R ions. X-ray diffraction shows that the ZnO lattice parameters were slightly affected by R doping and the doped sample crystallinity is enhanced. Our results show that introducing Cr, Mn and Fe along with Mg into ZnO induces a clear magnetic moment without any apparent distortion in the structural morphology. The spatial configuration of dopant atoms is determined from first-principles calculations, giving a better understanding of the position of the dopant atom responsible for the magnetism. The magnetic moments obtained from our calculations are 3.67, 5.0, and 4.33 mu B per dopant atom for Cr, Mn, and Fe, respectively, which agree with the experimental values. While Cr and Fe tend to form clusters, Mn has more propensity to remain evenly distributed within the system, avoiding cluster-derived magnetism.
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