Journal
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/03/P03022
Keywords
CMOS readout of gaseous detectors; Gaseous imaging and tracking detectors; Micropattern gaseous detectors (MSGC, GEM, THGEM, RETHGEM, MHSP, MICROPIC, MICROMEGAS, InGrid, etc); Time projection Chambers (TPC)
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Funding
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brasil
- Ministry of Science and Education, Croatia
- Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences
- Carlsberg Foundation
- Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)
- Academy of Finland, Finland
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF)
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH
- DFG Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe
- Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for FAIR)
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Germany
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST)
- University of Tokyo, Japan
- Fondo de Cooperacion Internacional en Ciencia y Technologia (FONCICYT), Mexico
- Research Council of Norway, Norway
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland
- Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, and Institute of Atomic Physics, Romania
- Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia
- Swedish Research Council (VR), Sweden
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America
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The upgrade of the ALICE TPC to address high interaction rates at the CERN LHC Run 3 and Run 4 involved designing new readout chambers and front-end electronics, including Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors and SAMPA chip-based continuous readout electronics. Construction and quality control procedures of these new elements were detailed, with the upgrade completed in 2020 after a nine-year period of R&D, construction, and assembly.
The upgrade of the ALICE TPC will allow the experiment to cope with the high interaction rates foreseen for the forthcoming Run 3 and Run 4 at the CERN LHC. In this article, we describe the design of new readout chambers and front-end electronics, which are driven by the goals of the experiment. Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors arranged in stacks containing four GEMs each, and continuous readout electronics based on the SAMPA chip, an ALICE development, are replacing the previous elements. The construction of these new elements, together with their associated quality control procedures, is explained in detail. Finally, the readout chamber and front-end electronics cards replacement, together with the commissioning of the detector prior to installation in the experimental cavern, are presented. After a nine-year period of R&D, construction, and assembly, the upgrade of the TPC was completed in 2020.
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