Journal
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 4-30Publisher
KARGER
DOI: 10.1159/000515117
Keywords
Adipose tissue; Obesity; Chronic inflammation; Innate immune cells; Hypoxia; Endothelium; Physical exercise
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB-TRR 205]
- British Heart Foundation Research Excellence Award [RE/13/3/30183, RE/18/5/34216]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This article discusses the role of innate immune cells in adipose tissue in obese states, and how these cells are influenced by the obesogenic microenvironment and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Additionally, it outlines the significant role of hypoxia in adipose tissue inflammation.
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available