Journal
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 224, Issue 1, Pages 31-38Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab147
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; rhinovirus; virus-virus interactions
Categories
Funding
- Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom [MR/R502327/1, MR/N013166/1, MC_UU_12014/9]
- Medical Research Council
- UK Department for International Development
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology
- German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [406109949]
- Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Forderkennzeichen) [01KI1723G]
- University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine VetFund
- MRC [MC_UU_12014/9] Funding Source: UKRI
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Research suggests that human rhinovirus triggers an interferon response that blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication, thus reducing the number of coronavirus disease 2019 cases. This virus-virus interaction can have population-wide effects.
Virus-virus interactions influence the epidemiology of respiratory infections. However, the impact of viruses causing upper respiratory infections on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and transmission is currently unknown. Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans. Interactions between rhinoviruses and cocirculating respiratory viruses have been shown to shape virus epidemiology at the individual host and population level. Here, we examined the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in the human respiratory epithelium in the presence or absence of rhinovirus. We show that human rhinovirus triggers an interferon response that blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mathematical simulations show that this virus-virus interaction is likely to have a population-wide effect as an increasing prevalence of rhinovirus will reduce the number of new coronavirus disease 2019 cases.
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