Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 408, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124931
Keywords
Lead-containing hazardous; Lead migration; Dynamic material flow analysis; Electrolytic zinc; Cleaner production; Source reducing
Categories
Funding
- National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2017ZX07402004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41877392]
- Central Level, Scientific Research Institutes for Basic R&D Special Fund Business (Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences) [2019YSKY-005, 2016YSKY034]
- Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment [2018ZX07701001-7]
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment [SKLECRA201754]
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The novel functional lead-based anode (MPA) showed significant advantages over the typical Pb-1%Ag anode (TPA) in inhibiting lead dissolution, reducing hazardous pollutants generation, and decreasing the lead content of zinc products. The compact multilayer structure and self-reparation effects of the MPA film provided better and persistent protection for the lead matrix, greatly slowing down the high-speed corrosion of the lead anode.
Lead pollution precaution caused by lead-based anode corrosion is a hot and challenging issue for zinc electrowinning. A novel functional lead-based anode (MnO2 pre-coated anode-MPA) was precisely fabricated and its long-term performances were studied compared with typical Pb-1%Ag anode (TPA). Results indicated that MPA posed excellent effects on synergistic inhibiting lead dissolution and reducing hazardous pollutants generation, and decreasing the lead content of zinc products by 81%. Further, the underlying mechanism of film growth and transformation in structure, composition and crystal phase, the migration and distribution of lead and anode slime during electrolytic, were clarified in-depth. Dynamic material flow analysis confirmed that MPA reduced the entire lead migration amount by over 92% compared with TPA. The compact multilayer structure of the MPA film and self-reparation effects of local structure provided better and persistent protection for the lead matrix, which greatly retarded the high-speed corrosion of lead anode. Compared with alpha-MnO2 in TPA, the formation and maintenance of gamma-MnO2 in MPA accelerated the oxygen evolution reaction and inhibited the anode slime generation. This finding provides new insights in pollution precaution and control by designing and tuning new functional anode in hydrometallurgy process.
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