4.7 Article

Tomato fruit quality traits and metabolite content are affected by reciprocal crosses and heterosis

Journal

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
Volume 72, Issue 15, Pages 5407-5425

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab222

Keywords

Combining ability; diallel mating design; fruit quality; metabolomics; S. lycopersicum L; tomato breeding

Categories

Funding

  1. Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCyT) [PICT 2015-0424]
  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) [PIP2015008, PUE0043]
  3. Universidad Nacional de Rosario (PID UNR) [AGR 247]
  4. Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica
  5. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (Argentina)

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This study found that in tomato fruits, heterosis and reciprocal effects were more pronounced at the metabolite level, being more influenced by genotypes than agronomic traits. Hybrids showed higher phenotypic diversity, with metabolites mainly being amino acids displaying more reciprocal effects and heterosis.
Heterosis occurs when the F(1)s outperform their parental lines for a trait. Reciprocal hybrids are obtained by changing the cross direction of parental genotypes. Both biological phenomena could affect the external and internal attributes of fleshy fruits. This work aimed to detect reciprocal effects and heterosis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit quality traits and metabolite content. Twelve agronomic traits and 28 metabolites identified and estimated by H-1-NMR were evaluated in five cultivars grown in two environments. Given that the genotype component was more important than the phenotype, the traits were evaluated following a full diallel mating design among those cultivars, in a greenhouse. Hybrids showed a higher phenotypic diversity than parental lines. Interestingly, the metabolites, mainly amino acids, displayed more reciprocal effects and heterosis. Agronomic traits were more influenced by general combining ability (GCA) and metabolites by specific combining ability (SCA). Furthermore, the genetic distance between parental lines was not causally related to the occurrence of reciprocal effects or heterosis. Hybrids with heterosis and a high content of metabolites linked to tomato flavour and nutritious components were obtained. Our results highlight the impact of selecting a cultivar as male or female in a cross to enhance the variability of fruit attributes through hybrids as well as the possibility to exploit heterosis for fruit composition.

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