Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 59, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00388-21
Keywords
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; IgG; IgM; spike; nucleocapsid; vaccine; antibody; immunoassays
Categories
Funding
- state of Texas, Tarrant County, Dallas County
- City of Fort Worth
- city of Dallas
- Lyda Hill Philanthropies
- Communities Foundation of Texas
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This study evaluated antibody responses in different populations after vaccination using new serological assays, demonstrating a significant increase in IgGSP and IgMSP values post vaccination.
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to impose a significant burden on global health infrastructure. While identification and containment of new cases remain important, laboratories must now pivot and consider an assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity in the setting of the recent availability of multiple COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we have utilized the latest Abbott Alinity semiquantitative IgM and quantitative IgG spike protein (SP) serology assays (IgMSP and IgGSP) in combination with Abbott Alinity IgG nucleocapsid (NC) antibody test (IgGNC) to assess antibody responses in a cohort of 1,236 unique participants comprised of naive, SARS-CoV-2-infected, and vaccinated (including both naive and recovered) individuals. The IgMSP and IgGSP assays were highly specific (100%) with no cross-reactivity to archived samples collected prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, including those from individuals with seasonal coronavirus infections. Clinical sensitivity was 96% after 15 days for both IgMSP and IgGSP assays individually. When considered together, the sensitivity was 100%. A combination of NC- and SP-specific serologic assays clearly differentiated naive, SARS-CoV-2-infected, and vaccine-related immune responses. Vaccination resulted in a significant increase in IgGSP and IgMSP values, with a major rise in IgGSP following the booster (second) dose in the naive group. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2recovered individuals had several-fold higher IgGSP responses than naive following the primary dose, with a comparatively dampened response following the booster. This work illustrates the strong clinical performance of these new serological assays and their utility in evaluating and distinguishing serological responses to infection and vaccination.
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