Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 106, Issue 8, Pages 2405-2422Publisher
ENDOCRINE SOC
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab261
Keywords
T1DM; T1D; muscle morphometrics; function; diabetic myopathy; skeletal muscle function
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [2018-06324, 2018-522456]
- NSERC
- DeGroote Doctoral Scholarship of Excellence
- Department Graduate Student Research Excellence Scholarship
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The study revealed that the decline in maximal muscle contraction was faster in individuals with type 1 diabetes after the age of 35, accompanied by morphological changes associated with accelerated aging. Additionally, there were differences in muscle fiber composition, including levels of fiber grouping and hybrid fibers, between genders in diabetes patients.
Context. Previous investigations on skeletal muscle health in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have generally focused on later stages of disease progression where comorbidities are present and are posited as a primary mechanism of muscle dysfunction. Objective. To investigate skeletal muscle function and morphology across the adult lifespan in those with and without T1D. Design. Participants underwent maximal contraction (MVC) testing, resting muscle biopsy, and venous blood sampling. Setting. Procedures in this study were undertaken at the McMaster University Medical Centre. Participants. Sixty-five healthy adult (18-78 years old) men/males and women/females (T1D = 34; control = 31) matched for age/biological sex/body mass index; self-reported physical activity levels were included. Main Outcome Measures. Our primary measure in this study was MVC, with supporting histological/immunofluorescent measures. Results. After 35 years of age (older adults), MVC declined quicker in T1D subjects compared to controls. Loss of strength inT1D was accompanied by morphological changes associated with accelerated aging. Type 1 myofiber grouping was higher in T1D, and the groups were larger and more numerous than in controls. Older T1D females exhibited more myofibers expressing multiple myosin heavy chain isoforms (hybrid fibers) than controls, another feature of accelerated aging. Conversely, T1D males exhibited a shift toward type 2 fibers, with less evidence of myofiber grouping or hybrid fibers. Conclusions. These data suggest impairments to skeletal muscle function and morphology exist in T1D. The decline in strength with T1D is accelerated after 35 years of age and may be responsible for the earlier onset of frailty, which characterizes those with diabetes.
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