A review on alternative binders, admixtures and water for the production of sustainable concrete

To keep its leading role, the concrete industry must face the environmental issues linked to the manufacturing, by increasing the energy efficiency and adopting alternative fuels or raw materials. The present work analyses physical, mechanical, and environmental performances of concrete products incorporating waste from four main sources (construction and demolition waste, residues from waste treatment, metallurgical industry by-products and other sources), as substitutes of one of the three main components of concrete (binder, admixtures and water). The binder is the easiest component to be replaced in terms of number of alternatives, with the highest impact on concrete properties, while water easily reaches a full replacement level. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) showed the highest potential for the overall performance, with positive effects on compressive strength, durability, and workability of concrete samples, along with electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and ceramic powder. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

In order to maintain its leading role, the concrete industry needs to address environmental issues and improve energy efficiency by using alternative fuels and materials. Research has shown that waste materials can be used as substitutes for concrete components, with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) demonstrating the highest potential for enhancing overall performance.