Rural farmers perception and coping strategies towards climate change and their determinants: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Climate change has severe consequences not at just local, regional but also at a global scale. Since such shifts in the climate, the substantial agriculture sector of Pakistan has been suffering widely from its drastic change. The present study is carried out in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan, to explore the perception of smallholder farmers related to climate change. Data is collected from 400 smallholder farmers of Malakand, Mardan and Swabi districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. This study expounds the perception of farmers and their farming adaptations to variations in climatic occurrence. Binary logistic regression was employed to discover the aspects that shape smallholder farmer's adaptation strategies. Our results depicted that the awareness and farm household's exploits methods for climate change adaptation were common throughout the study area. The main adaptation strategies carried out or executed by the smallholder farmers were irrigation, non-farm activities and early planting schemas. This research identified the barriers to climate change adaptation were lack of money, unavailability of required seed, nonexistence of market access, insecure land tenure system and shortage of information. The findings of the study recommend improving farmer's awareness and providing timely information about climate change. To improve farmer's well-being, adequate extension services and greater investment facilities are required to support farmers to sustain their livelihoods in the long run to cope with climate change. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Climate change has severe impacts on Pakistan's agriculture sector, with smallholder farmers in KPK province adapting by using strategies such as irrigation, non-farm activities, and early planting. However, barriers like lack of funds and seed availability hinder their adaptation efforts. More awareness, timely information, extension services, and investment facilities are needed to support farmers in coping with climate change in the long term.