A framework for the design and optimization of integrated fixed-film activated sludge-membrane bioreactor configuration by focusing on cost-coupled life cycle assessment

A rising need to design the wastewater treatment configurations with the uppermost economic and environmental compatibility is felt thanks to the increasing trend of water dilemma all over the universe. In light of this subject, the present study for the first time manifests a comprehensive cost-coupled life cycle assessment data of a highly efficient optimized integrated fixed-film activated sludge-membrane bioreactor (IFAS-MBR) configuration. For this purpose, a broad range of analyses was conducted comprising greenhouse gas emission, energy demand, economic burden, and sensitivity analysis regarding the optimization approach. The maximum removal efficiency at optimum condition was as follows: COD (94.54%), BOD (99.86%), TN (97%), TSS (99.99%), and total carbon (93.45%). From an environmental perspective, climate change dominantly emanated from greenhouse gases emission (27.5%) with the most impact on human health (67.57%). The configuration used an 8.27 MJ energy derived from fossil fuels utilization. However, the IFAS unit played a key role in carbon footprint, dominantly associated with CO2 emission (86.4%). The construction expenditures of IFAS and MBR units illustrated the maximum economic burdens (87.3%). Accordingly, this study can present a stepwise guideline for further related investigations. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Superscript/Subscript Available

Automated summary

The study presents a comprehensive cost-coupled life cycle assessment data of an efficient wastewater treatment configuration, providing a guideline for future related investigations.