Journal
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
Volume 62, Issue 10, Pages 1202-1219Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13396
Keywords
Attention‐ deficit; hyperactivity disorder; brain asymmetry; brain laterality; structural MRI; large‐ scale data
Categories
Funding
- AACAP
- Alcobra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
- Forest Research Institute
- Genentech
- Headspace
- Ironshore
- Lundbeck AS
- Magceutics
- Merck
- Neurocentria
- NIDA
- NIH
- PamLab
- Pfizer
- Roche TCRC
- Shire
- SPRITES
- Sunovion
- U.S. Department of Defense
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Vaya Pharma/Enzymotec
- MGH Psychiatry Academy for tuition
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Ltd.
- Motor Neurone Disease Association
- GW Pharma
- Novartis
- QbTech
- Vifor Pharma
- PARI GmbH
- Medice
- Lundbeck
- Takeda
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Hartmann Muller foundation
- Olga Mayenfisch foundation
- Gertrud Thalmann foundation
- Janssen-Cilag
- Rubio
- Bial
- Shionogui
- Actelion
- Ferrer
- Oryzon
- Psious
- Biogen
- Akili Interactive Labs
- Arbor
- Enzymotec
- Genomind
- Janssen
- KemPharm
- McNeil
- Neurolifesciences
- NeuroVance
- Otsuka
- Rhodes
- Shire/Takeda
- Supernus
- Tris
- Projekt DEAL
- Eli Lilly
- EU
- Lilly
- Janssen McNeil
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Recent large-scale analysis found no evidence of altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, but children with ADHD showed less rightward asymmetry of total hemispheric surface area. Adults with ADHD also exhibited altered globus pallidus asymmetry. However, the effects were small and not significant after correcting for multiple testing, suggesting that altered structural brain asymmetry may not serve as a useful biomarker for ADHD.
Objective Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries. Results There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing. Conclusion Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait.
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